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NBFC Registration

What is a NBFC?

An NBFC or a Non-Banking Financial Company is that kind of financial institution which provides various financial and non-financial services to individuals, business enterprises, entrepreneurs, etc. They are different from the Cooperative and Commercial Banks, They do not need to hold a banking license but must strictly follow the rules and regulations provided by RBI from time to time.

NBFCs, most commonly, operate in the field of industrial and commercial loans and advances, deposit’s, leasing, hire-purchasing, investment funds, chit fund business, insurance business, instruments of the capital & money markets such as stocks, debentures, bonds, and many other similar activities.

India’s financial sector has shown consistent growth for the past two decades. The NBFC part of this sector has transformed tremendously over the past few years. And NBFCs have been at the forefront in driving new credit disbursals for the country’s underserved retail and MSME market.

NBFC License must be taken from RBI u/s 45-IA of the RBI Act of 1934. A financial institution wishing to be registered as an NBFC must, be duly registered either as per the Companies Act of 2013, or earlier Act of 1956.

RBI strictly regulates and ensures that the NBFCs are complying with the provisions and regulations provided in Chapter III B of the RBI Act.

The principal business activity of an NBFCs is to raise capital from the public depositors & investors and lend these further to the borrowers.

NBFCs are the bridges that link the investors or depositors with the borrowers. They have become a better alternative to the banking and financial sector by providing financial solutions to the unorganized segments of society.

Principal Business

The precise meaning of a “Principle business” has not been defined by the RBI Act. Therefore, RBI, in an attempt to bring clarity, has defined financial activity. It has defined that the principal business will be considered as a financial activity only, if the company fulfills the following conditions:

  • Its Total Assets comprise of more than 50% financial assets.
  • Income from financial assets constitutes more than 50% of the gross income.
  • This is also known as 50-50 criteria.
But below activities are not considered of being financial in nature:
  • agricultural activity,
  • industrial activity,
  • purchase/sale of any goods and services (excluding securities), and
  • Sale/purchase/construction of immovable property.
How NBFCs are Different from Bank

Because both NBFC and Banks are both involved in financial activities but some features are different in them. Some of them are:

  • Acceptance of Deposits.
  • Cheques drawn on itself.
  • Being a part of the payment and settlement system.
  • Facility of insuring Deposit’s, available with Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation. Applicable only to bank deposit’s.
Types of NBFCs
NBFCs have been broadly classified on the following basis:
Liabilities
  • The deposit accepting NBFCs and
  • Non-Deposit accepting NBFCs,
(Non-deposit taking NBFCs are classified further as per their size:)
  • systemically important (NBFC-NDSI) and
  • others
Activities
  • Factors
  • Mortgage Guarantee Companies
  • Investment Credit Company
  • Infrastructure Debt Fund
  • Micro Finance Institution
  • Non-Operative Financial Holding Company
  • Systemically Important Core Investment Company
Application for an NBFC License can be made in any of the following categories:
  • Non-Banking Financial Companies – Factors (NBFC-Factors): These are NBFCs that have factoring as their principal business activity. Factoring is a financial transaction. A kind of “debtor finance” in which an entity can sell it’s invoice or bills (accounts receivables) to a third party (NBFC-Factor) at a discount. It is also commonly known as bill discounting or invoice financing.
  • Non-Banking Financial Companies – Mortgage Guarantee Companies (NBFC-MGC):NBFC-MGC must be registered with the RBI as a Mortgage Guarantee Company. It’s principal business is that of providing a mortgage guarantee. This guarantee is provided for repaying an outstanding housing loan and interest accrued on it, up to the guaranteed amount to a creditor institution, when a trigger event happens. The minimum NOF requirement and financial asset criteria are different for this kind of NBFC.
  • Non-Banking Financial Companies – Investment Credit Companies (NBFC-ICC):Any financial organization whose primary business is- Asset finance. The finance is provided by loans/advances or otherwise, for any activity other than it’s own and acquiring securities. And it’s activities must not fall under some other category defined by the RBI.
  • Non-Banking Financial Companies – Infrastructure Finance Companies (NBFC-IFC): These types of Companies invest in the debt securities of infrastructure companies or in public-private partnership projects, who have a minimum NOF of Rs. 300 crore. The principal business and rating requirements are also different for such NBFCs.
  • Non-Banking Financial Companies – Microfinance Institution (NBFC-MFI): A non-deposit taking NBFC lending on a short-term basis to low-income groups in India, with at least 85% of it’s assets, satisfying a few conditions:
    • the loan provided to a borrower with a rural household must have an annual Income of less than Rs. 60,000, or in case of an urban and a semi-urban Household, the annual Income of Income must not exceed Rs. 1,20,000.
    • the amount of lending must not exceed Rs.35,000 in the first cycle and Rs.50,000 in all the subsequent cycles.
    • the total obligation of the borrower doesn’t exceed Rs.50,000.
    • if the amount is more than Rs.15,000, then the loan term must be of at least 24 months, with prepayment and without penalty,
    • loan to be extended without any mortgage,
    • the aggregate number of loans provided for income generation must not be less than 75% of the total loans given by the MFI,
    • the frequency of repayment, whether weekly, fortnightly, or monthly installments, to be selected by the borrower.
  • Non-Banking Financial Companies – Non-Operative Financial Holding Company (NBFC-NOFHC):b. Non-Banking Financial Companies – Systemically Important Core Investment Company (NBFC-SI-CIC): These NBFCs obtain shares, stocks, and securities. The transactions must fulfill the below conditions: The financial organization through which promoter or promoter groups will be permitted to set up a new bank. It is a wholly-owned NOFHC that shall hold the bank as well as all other companies involved in financial services, regulated by RBI or other regulators, to the extent permissible under the applicable regulatory prescriptions.
  • Non-Banking Financial Companies – Systemically Important Core Investment Company (NBFC-SI-CIC): These NBFCs obtain shares, stocks, and securities. The transactions must fulfill the below conditions:
    • It holds at least 90% of it’s total assets as an investment in equity or preference shares, and debt/loans in group companies,
    • It’s investments in the equity stock/shares (including instruments that are convertible into equity shares within a period of not more than 10-years from the date of issue, in group companies) must not be less than 60% of it’s total assets,
    • It does not trade it’s investments in stocks, debt or loans in group companies except by the way of block sale for dilution or disinvestment,
    • No financial activity, which is listed u/s 45-I(c) & 45-I(f) of the RBI Act, is being carried out by it. Other than for investments in bank deposit’s, government securities, money market instruments, loans to and investments in debt issuances of group companies or guarantees declared on behalf of group companies,
    • It’s asset size is Rs.100 crores or above,
    • It accepts public funds.
Pre-Conditions of NBFC Registration

According to Section 45-IA of RBI, below conditions must be fulfilled for a company to be registered as an NBFC:

  • Registration: The financial institution should be established as a company under Section 3 of the Companies Act 2013 or the previous Companies Act 1956.
  • Director’s Qualifications: At least 1/3rd of the Directors must hold a minimum 10-year experience in finance. And he/she must be employed as a full-time Director.
  • Unique Business Plan: A business plan must be detailed and ready for operations for the next 5-years.
  • Net Owned Fund (NOF): The Company must have at least Rs.2 Crores as it’s NOF. It must comprise of only equity paid-up share capital. Preference share capital is not to be included. The premium on shares & reserves, if any, shall be included. But it should not be a borrowed fund. Though, gifts from the spouse can be included in the NOF. The minimum NOF requirement differs for specialized NBFCs (NBFC-MFIs, NBFC Factors, and CICs).
  • lean Credit History: The CIBIL score of the “company, it’s Directors, and it’s members” must be good. They must not have any write-offs or default on the repayment of loans to an NBFC/Bank.
  • FDI Compliance: If any foreign investment is anticipated, the company should be in compliance.
Process of Applying for NBFC License

After your company has been incorporated and has accumulated the minimum NOF, you need to follow the below procedure to get it registered as an NBFC with RBI:

An application is to be submitted online, with the required documents. A Company Application Reference Number (CARN) is generated upon successful submission. This reference number is of use during all future inquiries and communications.
The hard copies of the documents and the form as uploaded online, are to be sent to the Regional Office of RBI, under whose jurisdiction your company falls.
Once the submitted documents are found to be ok, the regional office sends the application to the central office of the RBI. There, the application and the documents are verified and a thorough background check is conducted.
If the company meets all the terms and conditions as specified in Section 45-I A of the RBI Act, the NBFC License shall be granted.

Please remember to keep the required minimum capital in a deposit account, free from all liabilities. Generally, this amount is kept as a Fixed Deposit (FD). RBI shall verify this amount, with the concerned bank and then approve your application.

Documents Required
  • Certified Copy of Certificate of incorporation (CoI): Take a Certified Copy of CoI, MoA (Memorandum of Association), and AoA (Articles of Association) from the Regional ROC (Registrar of Companies)
  • Updated KYC: Latest KYC details, income proof, credit report, and Net-worth Certificate of Directors and shareholders.
  • Net Worth Certificate: Collect updated net worth certificate of Directors, member/shareholders, and Company.
  • Education: Education & qualification proof of the Directors.
  • Company’s Details:Company’s PAN & GST number. Documents in support of the address of the company.
  • Bank Account: Details of the bank account of the company. This account must have at least Rs.2 crores deposited as the minimum NOF requirement. And it must be well audited for the last 3-years.
  • Banker’s Report:A report to be obtained from the bank confirming the No Lien remark on the Initial Fixed Deposit of Rs.2 crores.
  • Board Resolution: The board’s resolution must include, “approving the formation of the NBFC”.
  • Underwriting model: A detailed action plan, for the next 5-years, about the loan products, complying with the Fair Practices Code, credit, and risk assessment policy must be present.
  • Organizational Structure: Complete plan of the organization hierarchy and decision-making process. The proposed criteria on which a loan application will get approved or rejected.
  • IT Policy: The planned system and Information technology policy.
RBI Conditions for Granting NBFC License

For NBFC registration, the company shall apply in the format as specified by the RBI. Before registering the company as an NBFC, RBI may inspect the financial & other books to satisfy the following conditions:

  • That the NBFC can pay it’s present or future investors in full as and when their claims accrue.
  • That it’s operations are not likely to be carried in any manner detrimental to the interest of it’s existing or future investors.
  • The general character of the management and the Board shall not be prejudicial to the interest of the public or depositors.
  • It has sufficient capital structure and earning potential.
  • Public interest shall be served by licensing this company as an NBFC.
  • The grant of CoR shall not be unfavorable to the operation of the financial sector. And it must be consistent with the monetary stability, economic growth and other relevant policies of the RBI.
Compliances Required by NBFCs after CoR

There are certain compliances to be met after the NBFC License process is complete. The guidelines, circulars, and notifications, from the RBI, published in the public domain from time to time, are also mandatorily to be complied with.

  • Appointing a Statutory Auditor (CA with 5+ years of experience),
  • Statutory Audit,
  • Tax Audit,
  • Income Tax Returns Filing,
  • GST Returns Filing,
  • ROC Returns,
  • All other Compliances/Returns required by a competent authority.
Compliances for NBFCs by RBI
  • Adoption of Fair Practice Code,
  • CIC Registration,
  • C-KYC Registration,
  • CERSAI Registration,
  • FIU-IND Registration,
  • COSMOS Registration,
  • Secretarial compliances,
  • Compliance of KYC Anti-money Laundering,
  • Filing NBS-9 on COSMOS, the online platform of RBI.
Penalty of Non-Compliance with RBI Regulations
  • RBI is authorized to take strict regulatory action if a company has been performing the following operations as it’s principal business:-
  • “Lending, accepting deposit’s or making investments”
  • But has not obtained a CoR of NBFC. A heavy penalty or fine can get imposed on the NBFC. Or it can even be persecuted in a court of law.
  • RBI invites reporting of any entity which does financial activities but is neither present nor registered, in the list of authorized NBFCs on RBI website. Accordingly, suitable action shall be taken for contravention of the provisions of the RBI Act, 1934.
  • Moreover, RBI constantly reviews market intelligence reports, complaints, and exception reports from statutory auditors of the companies, information received through State Level Coordination Committee Meetings (SLCC), etc.,to find out about companies violating it’s provisions. RBI also participates in sharing of this information with all the financial sector regulators and enforcement agencies in the SLCC meetings.
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Frequently Asked Questions

The Trademark Registration is registering of visual symbols which can be a word, name, device, label, digits, etc. Trademark registration in India helps the candidate or the trademark owner to safeguard his logo or trademark. Trademark registration also helps to evade duplication within the trademarks.

The easy way to get trademark registration done, involves the first step as “selecting a name then do a trademark search, after that file an application for the trademark registration”. Then fill the required documents like the name of the trademark or address. Then the application is examined after that the trademark is published in the Indian Trade Mark Journals. Lastly, the issuance of the trademark registration certificate.

The cost of registering trademarks starts from Rs. 6270/-

The process to get trademark registration:
  • Step 1: The first step is the choice of a trademark.
  • Step 2: The applicant must search the trademark records registry and assures that the proposed trademark does not match or the same to the registered mark.
  • Step 3: The search can be done online or by the trademark office.
  • Step 4: It is advisable to discuss an experienced lawyer as they are well-versed in their profession and are being prepared to conduct an exhaustive search.

Every applicant including corporations will have to give the following documents to get a trademark registered: – “Address proof of the person or company registering for the trademark, a copy of the logo, certificate of partnership deed and ID proof of the person registering for the trademark”.

Trademark infringement is basically the illegal use of a trademark or service mark linked to goods and services.

Trademark registrations are unique to the goods or services they describe. The registrations can be product or service-specific. Also, they are made under a Class of goods or services they signify. The trademark registration will, hence, be valid for the whole class of goods or services it describes.

Yes, the authorities mandate it for applicants to check all the documents they submit including the application for trademark registration by applying a Class III Digital signature. Our experts will help you e-verify all the documents in the correct way.

The registered trademark is valid for only 10 years from the date of filing of an application. After that one needs to apply for trademark renewal.

Symbol “TM” can be applied after filing of a trademark application. After registering a trademark a symbol “R” must be used. The ® symbol may only be used in connection with the goods and services mentioned on the registration certificate.

There is no limitation for anyone to apply for a trademark registration in India. Any individual, a foreign company, society or trust, partnership firm, LLP or private limited company, etc anyone can apply.

The trademark application can be filed as a multiclass application or as a separate single class.

The Trademark Registry has classified goods and services under 45 classes. Your application must mention the class/classes of the goods/services. The trademark would be registered under those classes only.

It is valid for a limited period of time i.e. for 10 years. But it is renewable indefinitely. You just need to pay the fee for trademark renewal every time.

After the application is registered with the government, a TM number is assigned by th trademark department within 1-2 days of submission of application. After this, you can use TM with your brand.

A trademark is an intellectual property which is being assigned to a word or logo but on another hand, copyright assures you the protection for your unique content such as books, music, videos, songs or even software.

You need to produce identity proof in case of trademark registration in India. (In case of individuality).While on another hand you need to produce company incorporation documents if the entity is a company.

No! The registered trademark under Trademark Act 2000 is only valid in India. But in few other countries, it can be used as a base for registering the trademark in those countries.

Company or domain registration will not protect your brand identity. To protect your company’s identity, you need to get trademark registration.

Logo registration in India is done by Maheswari Consultancy which provides trademark application services across India in all cities. We have done trademark registration in Mumbai, Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Ahmadabad, Kolkata, Surat, Pune, Jaipur, Lucknow, Kanpur, Nagpur and other Indian cities.

In order to understand trademark name search, you can kindly refer this link https://www.Maheswari Consultancy.com/blog/check-trademark-application-status/. Maheswari Consultancy also acts as a trademark checker to help their customers to create a unique logo for themselves. So, you can easily register a logo and get your TM number online.
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